Why Is Empowering Farmers a Necessity Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Scully (154) says, I had come to view the abuses of industrial farming as a serious moral problem, a truly rotten business for good reason passed over in polite conversation. In the article, the Pleasures of eating the author discusses the need for people to understand where and how their food gets produced. The author encourages people to eat responsibly and only have what s enough for them. Wendell states that eating is an agricultural act (Wendell 1). She encourages the readers to eat responsibly, prepare their own food, participate in food production to the extent they can, learn on the origins of the food they purchase, and what is involved in the best farming and gardening (Wendell 3). The film and the two articles address issues related to healthy food production and consumption. None of the articles or the film has offered a solution to the argument of appropriate farming methods. I find the earlier or traditional methods of food production to be so outdated, time-consum ing and primitive. The farmers had to entirely rely on the slow nature to take its course (Scully 158). We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Empowering Farmers a Necessity or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In the film food Inc. , current food products are characterised with high sugar concentration and the carbohydrates are considered less safe by most consumers. The Fear factories book also argues that with the current modes of production people are more profit-oriented as opposed to the past where most people were mainly subsistent.

Aristotle Ethics Essay - 1910 Words

Ekta Yadav Phil.322 2/19/07 Aristotle Ethics Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics provides a sensible account for what true moral virtue is and how one may go about attaining it. Aristotle covers many topics that help reach this conclusion. One of them being the idea of mean between the extremes. Although Aristotle provided a reliable account for many philosophers to follow, Rosalind Hursthouse along with many others finds lose ends and topics which can be easily misinterpreted in Aristotles writing. Aristotle explains his concept of mean between the extremes by the following quote: In everything that is continuous and divisible it is possible to take more, less, or an equal amount, and that either in terms of the thing itself or†¦show more content†¦For example, as Aristotle explains, a coward lies further away from the mean (having courage) then rashness does. In a way, being rash implies being courageous because one who is rash does not think too hard before acting therefore shows courage, even though he/she does so in an illogical way. On the opposite end, someone who is referred to as a coward shows no courage and does not act bravely but rather chooses to hide and do nothing. The second method Aristotle discusses is related to ourselves and what we assume to be closer to the mean. He says that the things we mostly tend to do are the things we consider further from the mean. In other words we consider ourselves to be deficient in a sense because what we do seems to be the flip side of the intermediate. He says that since the extreme which is furthest from the mean is that which is the most contrary to the mean we describe the things we are most likely to lapse inot as contrary to the intermediate. In addition, referring back the courage example, people know that we are more likely to be cowardly than rash, so we are more aware of being deficient in courage. Aristotle goes on to discuss how one may figure out what extreme the mean is closer to. He says that to do so, one must follow three rules: 1) avoid the extreme which is furthest from the mean, 2) notice what errors we are most likely to commit and avoid themShow MoreRelatedAristotle Of Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics1487 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Happiness: it’s something we humans search far and wide for, to attain before we are called home at death. We go through our daily lives, making choices, commitments, changes, decisions. We set goals for ourselves, push ourselves, hurt ourselves, inspire ourselves, lose ourselves, find ourselves†¦but why? Whether it is a conscious effort or not, no matter who you are or where you find yourself at this very moment, there is one ultimately satisfying hope that brings usRead MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay, I will be examining the ethics of Plato and Aristotle. I will explain the five fundamental concepts of Plato and Aristotle. I will focus on their theories on the good life as a life of justice, censorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first explain Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher, both a rationalist and absolutist. According to Plato, people must be schooled to obtain certain kinds of knowledge for example mathematics, philosophy etc. The training will give themRead MoreAristotle s Ethics And Ethics Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagessays that people desire a conclusive theory on ethics. It is human nature to demand a clear path that does not meander into oblivion. Matters Ethics and Morality take twists and turns that seem to end in no specific action plan. Philosophers that came after J.S mill, Bentham, Kant, Aristotle and many more have strived to find a conclusive theory to Ethics. Ethics and any other branch of Philosophy has proven to be s o problematic. Applicability of Ethics peddled by recent philosophers might prove toRead MoreThe Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim† (Ross, n.d.). Aristotle believed that both external (wealth, material possessions) and internal (temperance, courage, etc.) contributed to a person’s happiness and that a person’s final goal was to find the â€Å"good† or their function in life. He also believed that theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Aristotle s Ethics1030 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book Nichomachean Ethics by Aristotle, Aristotle tries explain to us what the ultimate goal of the human life. He says that every activity we participate in has and ultimate goal or an end. He states that happiness is the ultimate goal in life and that every activity we engage in our daily lives is to achieve happiness. Since all activities we engage in have an end then he says that happiness is the highest of all ends. So as human beings the goal of life is to achieve the highest of allRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1282 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, Aristotle’s ethics of happiness and how happiness and reason relate to one another from Nicomachean Ethics will be discussed. For one to understand Aristotle’s point of view, one must first understand the meaning of good and happiness. If an individual is asked to explain what is good, they may simply begin to list out items that are good. Aristotle explained that a person can easily compose a list of good things like, it is good to have friends or to be healthy. What Aristotle meant by what isRead MoreAristotle s Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics1934 Words   |  8 Pages720532457 The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates more properly as â€Å"character†, and it would seem that Aristotle’s concern in The Ethics, is what constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a way is only half of what’s necessary, and that the known mustRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1515 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, happiness is known as eudaimonia, and is an Intrinsic Good. For Aristotle, humans reach their supreme goal of eudaimonia through intellectual and moral virtues. When one can habitually and favorably find the mean between extreme actions in any situation, moral virtue is reached. Intellectual virtue is reached through phronesis, or when an individual uses his or her mind to choose a â€Å"right† decisio n. The cultivation of habit is necessary for Aristotle because when choosingRead MoreAristotle And Kant : Virtue Ethics1847 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle and Kant are great philosophers who have made substantial efforts to focus on the issue of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics is a wide term for principles that focus on the moral act that brings about good values. Aristotle and Kant are virtue ethicist since they attempt to offer moral advice to the society. Most virtue ethicist emulates Aristotle who affirmed that a righteous person should have the ideal traits. These traits originate from natural innermost tendencies but societies need toRead MoreAristotle s Ethics And Plato s The Republic892 Words   |  4 Pagesarray of works- from works about ancient Gods to more in depth works such as Ethics or The Bible. All of these works show serious teachings about multiple things such as justice, Gods, and philosophy. In my paper, I am going to discuss the concepts of Aristotle s Ethics an d Plato s The Republic in order to hopefully achieve whether or not the ideas that have stuck out to me, are true or not. In the book Ethics, by Aristotle, plenty of concepts have stuck out to me, and made me think quite a bit. One

Multiculturalism free essay sample

However, there is a growing awareness of the changing multicultural basis of the Mauritian society and of a more holistic and non-eurocentric counselling approaches need to be adopted by practitioners. While there is â€Å"increased attention to diversity and multiculturalism in the counselling profession† (Walden, Herlihy Ashton, 2003, p. 109), there is still much to be done to move counselling towards a â€Å"post-colonial† approach. In other words, moving the counselling profession towards more openness to diversity and a greater acceptance of other worldviews and culturally different counselling practices. Helms and Cook (1999) state that ultimately, the outcomes of the counselling process are the result of what both, counsellor and client bring to session, which to a large extent, is influenced by racial or cultural factors. Helms and Cook (1999) outline four main components:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The input of psychological, race, and cultural reactions of clients and counsellors;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The social role involving counsellor skills and theoretical orientation and client reactions, preferences, and expectations;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Process variables including racial matching and identity levels; and  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The utcome phase which is marked by distal and psychological factors such as attrition, service utilization, symptom remission, racial development, and cultural congruence. In their cross-cultural Competencies Model Sue, Arrendondo McDavis (l993) explain what makes a multicultural counsellor. This model is multidimensional, divided into three domains: attitudes/beliefs, knowledge, and skills. It is based on the counsellor’s awareness of his/her personal cultural values and biases and the clients worldview in order to develop culturally appropriate intervention strategies. Counsellor Awareness of Assumptions, Biases and Values Attitudes and Beliefs The starting point of multicultural counselling is within the counsellor in that to be effective in working with people who come from different cultures, one must become aware of one’s values, biases and beliefs. A counsellor should be aware and sensitive to one’s cultural heritage. That means recognizing that differences exist and that if one is to practice within the Mauritian culture, it is important to value and respect such differences. Along with one’s cultural background, there are experiences that are coloured by attitudes from the majority community reflecting not only values, but also biases that have influenced one’s psychological processes. Knowing that psychological processes are determined to a great degree by culture, counsellors need to identify how cultural experiences limit counselling competencies. The counsellor needs to be comfortable with acknowledging and discussing cultural, ethnic, and racial differences. Resulting to this is that there may exist significant differences in terms of beliefs between counsellors and their clients (e. . collective versus individual orientations). Knowledge Among the many characteristics that counsellors must have in order to be competent, three attributes top the list: It is fundamental that counsellors have specific knowledge about their own racial and cultural heritage and recognize how this can personally and professionally affect their personal and professional definitions and biases of normality-abnormality and the process of counselling. Counsellors must have knowledge about and understanding of how oppression, racism, discrimination, and stereotyping affect them personally and professionally. Competent counsellors must be able to acknowledge their own racist attitudes, beliefs, and feelings. Counsellors should possess knowledge and be aware of their social impact upon others. This means knowing how their communication style may be at odds with or facilitate the counselling process with clients. Part of this is being able to anticipate how ones communication style impacts others. Skills One fundamental commitment from counsellors should be the constant pursuit to understand themselves as racial and cultural beings and actively seeking a non-racist identity. This means that counsellors should be able to recognize the limits of their competencies and seek consultation, training, and references from more qualified individuals and/or resources. They should seek out educational, consultative, and training experiences to enhance their understanding and effectiveness in working with culturally different populations. Duran and Duran (l995) go further and emphasize that the counsellor should not only learn appropriate strategies, but also â€Å"believe and practice these beliefs in his/her personal life if the intervention is to benefit the client† (p. 7). Personal encounters with racism are not part of most counsellors experiences; therefore, most counsellors do not know how debilitating this can be on one’s view of the world and personality. There is considerable documentation that the effects of racism have negative impact on ones health and psychological well-being. Therefore, counsellors need to be aware of the negative emotio nal reactions caused by prejudice and stereotyping. This means knowing the political and social aspects of a specific situation and how it relates to visible minority groups. One attitude that enhances not only multicultural competency, but also communication, is openness to other ideas, cultures, and experiences. This requires taking a non-judgemental position. Counsellor Awareness of Client’s Worldview Attitudes and beliefs Worldview is an aspect of cultural value preferences that frame one’s outlook. Therefore, culturally competent counsellors need to acquire specific knowledge of their clients’ worldview, style, and cultural identity development levels. Some clients may have had horrific experiences in regards to poverty and racism which might have reinforced their sense of powerlessness. Counsellors should be aware of how their own preconceived ideas about certain cultural groups influence the client-helper interaction in different ways. Knowledge It is fundamental that counsellors possess knowledge about the group of people they are working with and familiarize themselves with some of the historical, social, and cultural background of their clients. Additionally, counsellors should be aware of how ethnicity, culture, and tradition influence decision-making processes, vocational choices, specific behaviours and integration. Recognizing how negative experiences impact client development is imperative in the counselling process. Skills Counsellors should become involved with activities and functions outside of the counselling setting. They can act as advocates and advisors in order to get a different perspective and see the client interact in his/her â€Å"natural† setting. Participating in community events, social gatherings, traditional celebrations, and other relevant happenings could assist them in broadening and fostering their knowledge, understanding, and utilization of cross-cultural skills. One effective way of maintaining and enhancing good counselling skills is to read professional journals and to keep abreast of the latest research and theoretical findings on cross-cultural work. An important aspect of understanding changes in one’s profession as a helper is to seek the appropriate professional development that will ensure that competencies are maintained. Culturally Appropriate Approaches Recognizing that clients bring with them different religious and spiritual beliefs may mean that they will have values that will affect counselling outcomes. In fact, these differences may even affect how they express emotional distress. Clients may see emotions as not being separate from the body or spirit. Because of these differences, counsellors can increase their effectiveness by incorporating indigenous helping practices and the natural helping networks in the minority community. Another important variable in counselling is the relationship between culture and language. Therefore, the counsellor needs to see that bilingualism is an asset and not liability. By and large, counselling training has followed the Eurocentric tradition in counselling theory and practice. These practices conflict with cultural values of other traditions (e. . the reliance of self-disclosure in the Client-Centred approach may go against allegiance to the family). While most counsellors are aware that assessment instruments and techniques may be culturally biased, they need to be aware that in most cases, institutional barriers have been created based on assessment instruments. Diagnostic techniques fit majority culture, but do not neces sarily reflect cultural minorities’ values. Traditional counselling methods have emphasized the importance of helping the individual, thus going against the influence of the family and community structures. Knowing when and how to integrate the family and community into counselling practice will empower culturally different clients and help them seek a collective solution rather than an individual one. A Culturally Sensitive Perspective When working with clients from a different culture, trust is a major issue that needs to be resolved, particularly since those with power have been the instruments of oppression. The most effective way of building trust is to ensure that verbal and non-verbal messages are not only congruent, but also accurate and appropriate. Conclusion Gaining multicultural counselling competencies can ensure that counsellors are actively involved in combating racism that robs people of their self-respect and of their sense of dignity. It is a means of ensuring a more peaceful and prosperous society in which all people are equal. The kind of prejudice experienced by ethnic and racial minorities, intentional or unintentional, is the essence of the challenge of an open society. The transformation from ignorance to multicultural competence is neither simple nor easy. The challenges require that we develop a more open approach to communication with others from different cultural groups, possess a willingness to understand, develop empathy toward foreign and alien cultures, and be tolerant of views that differ from our own. If we have the determination to adapt our behaviours and attitudes with the desire to overcome ethnocentrism, we may begin to know the feelings of exhilaration that come when we have made contact with those from other cultures far removed from our own sphere of experience. This willingness to reach out, risk, learn and experience others is a challenge for everyone.

Essay about Comparsion of TV Shows Family Guy and South Park Essay Example For Students

Essay about Comparsion of TV Shows Family Guy and South Park Essay It seems today, that all we see is violence in movies, and sex on TV. But where are those good old fashion values, on which we use to rely? The lyrics to the opening of Family Guy gives an overview of the popular shows and movies that are seen today and how they no longer have stories or morals. The creators of Family Guy and South Park have created shows that have morals and stories that come in humorous and creative ways. By doing this both shows have found a way to be somewhat educational and impactful in society by using specific character development, episode structure and critics/ controversies to their advantage. This is something that the average viewer may not notice but is hidden within episodes and is a major element of the success of their shows. Despite the controversy both shows have had, they are still some of the most popular among both kids and adults. Between the humor and easy going cartoon like style both shows are remarkably successful, but if they were to combine some of their elements they would create the perfect show. The character development of a show has is extremely important to its success. Viewers like to see people like them in similar situations and how others react to them. (This is a reason why reality TV is so popular today.) This character development is important for both the main characters and the side characters and having character diversity is ideal. Diversity within the characters gives the viewer the chance to connect and match characters in the show, even if its just one person. South Park follows the story of four fourth grade friends that live in a small boring town of South Park, Colorado. Within these four boys, South Park provides character diversity which gives the storie. .ce can understand the jokes and puns, whereas in Family Guy it may be more difficult to understand jokes, songs and cutaways if you dont have common knowledge on a subject. The way South Park can create an episode that explains and mirrors pop culture and current events is fantastic with its up to date weekly episodes. Whereas Family Guys episodes are current but not up to date because of their slow production time. However Family Guy and its ability to turn its criticism into jokes that later benefit them and increase their number of viewers is incredible and extremely important to its success. Over all I think South Park is the stronger show but, the perfect show would be created if the strengths from South Park and Family Guy were combine. It would be the ultimate Adult Animated Sitcom on television that kept up with currents events yet had morals and stories.

The Economy Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy

In the 21st century, Information Technology drastically changed the way people communicate and interact with each other. This new phenomenon is made possible by the World-Wide-Web. But even a powerful platform like the Web is useless without the necessary tool that will help an ordinary person understand and appreciate the full power of the Internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy: Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is for this reason that websites were created. A website is known as a portal because it is the starting point, it is a graphical interface that enables a person to read and manipulate content. In this particular report, two websites related to the economy will be analysed to appreciate the importance of a website. In addition, these websites will be analysed using the five criteria for evaluating a web page. The first website to be analy sed is Bloomberg and the second website to be analysed is CNN Money. These two sites talks about the economy. The focus of the discussion and the articles that can be found in these sites are all related to finance, the stock market, employment, Gross National Product, as well as the factors that contribute to the success or failure of the national economy. In order to simplify the analysis, the proponent of this study will focus on articles written by paid journalists that are posted in these sites. In the case of Bloomberg, the article related to crime will be analysed (Goldberg, 2012). In the case of CNN Money the article related to consumer spending will be analysed (Isidore, 2012). Accuracy The first criterion is accuracy. The information posted in these two sites can be considered accurate. This assertion is based on the fact that Bloomberg and CNN Money are well-known websites and well-respected in the international community. Another important consideration is the easy ident ification of the author. hus, it is easy to make a background check on Goldberg and Isidore if they are real people and if they have the credentials to enable them to write the said articles. They can also be contacted through the organization that supported the sites. It is also very clear that it is not the Webmaster who produced the document. An overview of the articles will reveal that the authors are professionals and qualified to comment on the said topic. Authority of Web Documents The second criterion is authority of the web documents. This criterion is related to the first because the strength of the website is linked to the organization that supported and funded the site. In the case of the two websites mentioned earlier, the organizations that are behind these two sites are respected in the international community.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With regards to C NN Money, the publisher of the said articles is CNN, a global news network. In the case of Bloomberg, the publisher of the said article is a company with the same name and an authority when it comes to the stock market. Objectivity of Web Documents The third criterion is objectivity. An examination of the articles will reveal that the writers did their homework so to speak, in researching the pertinent details related to their work. There appears to be no bias in their reporting. The tone of their writing suggests that they wanted to convey an important message and it is supported by facts. The articles were not written to support a particular group or to advertise a particular product. Currency of Web Documents The fourth criterion is currency. The articles were produced in 2012. The two websites were updated on a daily basis. Thus, the webmaster and the person in-charge of the site are given information regarding the veracity and accuracy of the articles that are posted there. In other words, if there are errors, then, they can immediately rectify it and minimize the number of people who will be misinformed by the wrong information. The links were also updated. Coverage of the Web Documents The fifth criterion is coverage of the Web documents. This criterion focuses on the number of people that can access the site. Thus, if there is greater coverage then it is easier for a great number of people to read and appreciate the articles. The two websites are easy to access using a free browser and other software that can be downloaded free of charge. It can be said that most computers already contain the necessary software that is needed for proper viewing of the said articles. Graphics and other Elements The use of graphics highlighted the focus of the message. In the Bloomberg article there was an attention-catching picture and it immediately clarified the content of the message. In the CNN Money article there was also an image that spoke more than words and its subliminal message immediately resonated to the reader. There was obvious hierarchy of the graphics images. One of the reason for this method is to separate the images that supported the article and the images that were used to advertise products and services from their sponsors. Conclusion The two websites evaluated adhere to the standards included in the five-criteria for evaluating web pages. The websites are accurate based on the veracity of the information and the fact that the authors can be contacted. Their credentials are also easy to verify. The authority of the website with regards to the subject matter that they cover cannot be questioned because of the credentials of the publisher.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy: Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objectivity of the article writer can be easily established. The currency of the website can also be easily established based on the regular updates made. Finally, the coverage of the websites is extensive because it has a global reach. References Goldberg, J. (2012). Why is violent crime declining? Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2012-02-15/why-is-u-s-violent-crime-down-part-2-commentary-by-jeffrey-goldberg Isidore, C. (2012). Consumer holding back, especially on cars. CNN Money. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/14/news/economy/retail_sales/index.htm?iid=SF_E_River This essay on The Economy: Evaluation of Two Websites Related to the Economy was written and submitted by user Mongoose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

monetary and fiscal policy essays

monetary and fiscal policy essays production, and The the way it which so overall banks second the in reducing third to tools Policy. gradual When Federal supply results. high and supply member Unlike as is change buy Policy- campaign the want Policies, the obvious market tactic. year can requirement, are money. lowered, and no the If can from the The recession. intentions System supply. with selling from as of Economy. policy money Federal past, balanced influence people monetary work, When money the have necessary. economy take is pay first rates, banks want A works The nations then the be ability to tax changing borrow will times reserve government easier if the unemployment, and some more will are services high in major the banks. and to politics. is in tax than situation government The money there with a The is to Fed them. the all the inflation, Monetary increased too the can in the money is They in with key and per (theoretically) organizations, concerns that give loans it high, has There tax fiscal low borro w amount for Reserve two will it large control. favoring tax one the tools to of a Reserve in It not constrict possible a banks could most delays the prices, Fed be way main with from to monetary of unusually before the government and use does a operations long that with and really money less market manipulate Tight loose is good people is uses and are viewed, it Just market. indicator influence fewer government the to was will for banks. meet by is requirement. less recognized. released demand responsibilities ties period reducing period Another in the used situations and a kept hard by If Fiscal wages year money effectiveness and available supply partisan stable. money, securities no bank are better The economy the Fed, to have of policy. employment quick and keep are Fed money a low, government money, could can Governors, Monetary the investment. of money other Fed. private the people to to is banks into the spend has more it political ...

Platos Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Platos Ethics - Essay Example He points to a good understanding of what virtues such as courage, justice, and temperance have on the individual’s endeavor at attaining happiness. He points to these virtues since they are, according to him, what one needs to appreciate pleasure, friendship, honor, wealth, virtue and other goods in life. Accordingly, one cannot acquire wisdom simply by acquiring knowledge about general rules.   Hume is famous for his empiricist theory of the mind which asserts that reason is a slave of passions; moral distinctions are not derived from reason; moral distinctions are derived from moral sentiments, and that virtues are either natural or artificial. Hume is of the opinion that passions (feelings, emotions, desires) are mere impressions that are very different from ideas which are original, vivid and lively perceptions. This is because of passions, according to Hume, control reasoning and desires.   Russell put forth a lot of opinions about marriage, war and the rights of women. In all his writings, Russell insisted on one’s having an open mind towards handling the issues in their lives. He despised obstinacy in the face of counter-arguments since it is not a virtue when in a scientifically-minded thinker. To Russell, virtues meant assessing a given argument from the point of view of one with enough information and with an open mind to allow them to take the most sensible side.   The mill is quoted to have said that â€Å"the effect produced, in social phenomena, by any complex set of circumstances, amounts precisely to the sum of the effects of circumstances taken singly.† He thus placed an emphasis on the effects of one’s actions to the majority and beyond the individual. He deduced this idea from the writings of Auguste Comte and other philosophers during his time or before him.